Mechanics
Kinematics, vectors, Newton laws of motion, work, energy, power, circular motion, rotational dynamics, and fluid hydrostatics.
Mechanics — Lessons (13)
Vectors and Scalars
Distinction between scalar and vector quantities, geometric addition, parallelogram and triangle laws, and resolution of vectors into perpendicular components.
Rectilinear Motion: Uniform Velocity
Displacement, velocity, and time relationships for one-dimensional straight-line motion at constant velocity (s = u × t), signed conventions, and kinematic graphing.
Uniformly Accelerated Motion
Equations of linear motion under constant acceleration: v = u + at, s = ut + ½at², v² = u² + 2as, s = ½(u + v)t, and free vertical fall under gravity.
Projectile Motion in Two Dimensions
Independence of orthogonal motions, parabolic trajectory equation, time of flight, maximum apex height, and horizontal range on level ground.
Newton’s Laws of Motion & Friction
Inertia and inertial reference frames, rate of change of momentum (F = dp/dt = ma), action-reaction pairs, connected particles, and static/dynamic friction.
Equilibrium of Coplanar Forces
Translational equilibrium (ΣF = 0), Triangle of Forces, Polygon of Forces, Lami’s Theorem, and verification using Gravesande’s force board.
Moments, Couples & Metre Rule
Principle of Moments, torque of a couple, centre of gravity, equilibrium of rigid bodies, and determining mass of a metre rule on a knife-edge.
Work, Energy, and Power
Work done by constant forces (W = F · s cos θ), work-energy theorem, gravitational and elastic potential energies, mechanical energy conservation, and power.
Uniform Circular Motion
Angular kinematics (θ, ω), centripetal acceleration (a = v²/r = ω²r), centripetal force, banked roads, conical pendulum, and vertical circular motion.
Rotational Dynamics & Moment of Inertia
Torque (τ), moment of inertia (I), rotational Newton’s law (τ = Iα), angular momentum conservation (L = Iω), and rolling kinetic energy.
Fluid Statics, U-Tubes & Hydrometry
Hydrostatic pressure (P = hρg), Pascal’s principle, Archimedes’ upthrust, law of flotation, U-tube manometers, Hare’s apparatus, and loaded test tube hydrometers.
Practical Laboratory Investigations
Interactive virtual laboratory covering all 5 official NIE A/L Physics syllabus practicals for Unit 2: (1) Force Parallelogram & Triangle, (2) Principle of Moments & Metre Rule, (3) U-Tube Immiscible Liquids, (4) Hare’s Apparatus & Slope, (5) Loaded Test Tube Flotation.
Unit 2 Comprehensive Assessment
Summative 20-question randomized evaluation testing all 8 mechanics competencies (2.1 to 2.8) with instant grading, physical explanations, and targeted lesson recap links.