Electronics
Semiconductor physics, p-n junction diodes, rectification and power supplies, bipolar junction transistors (BJT), operational amplifiers (Op-Amps), and digital logic gates.
Electronics — Lessons (9)
Semiconductors & Doping
Explore energy band theory, intrinsic silicon and germanium lattices, trivalent (p-type, holes) and pentavalent (n-type, electrons) doping, majority/minority carriers, and the mass action law.
p-n Junction Diodes & Zener Diodes
Examine depletion region physics, barrier potential, forward and reverse bias I-V characteristics, dynamic resistance, avalanche vs Zener breakdown, and voltage regulation.
Rectification & Power Supplies
Master AC to DC conversion: half-wave rectification, full-wave center-tapped and bridge rectifiers, capacitor smoothing filters, ripple factor calculation, and regulated DC power supplies.
BJT Transistors & Amplification
Master BJT architecture (npn, pnp), active, saturation, and cut-off regions, DC current relations I_E = I_B + I_C, current gains (α, β), common-emitter voltage amplification, and electronic switching.
Operational Amplifiers (Op-Amps)
Analyze ideal operational amplifier properties (infinite gain, infinite input impedance, zero output impedance), virtual ground concept, inverting/non-inverting amplifiers, voltage followers, summing amplifiers, and comparators.
Digital Logic Gates & Boolean Algebra
Explore binary logic levels (0 and 1), basic gates (NOT, AND, OR), universal gates (NAND, NOR), exclusive gates (XOR, XNOR), truth tables, Boolean theorems, De Morgan’s Laws, and sensor-based switching circuits.
Interactive Electronics & Op-Amp Simulation Lab
Multi-mode real-time laboratory simulator: Mode 1 Diode bridge rectifier with interactive capacitor filter and oscilloscope; Mode 2 Inverting/Non-inverting Op-Amp circuit simulator with real-time saturation clipping.
Unit 9 Assessment: Electronics
Comprehensive summative evaluation covering all 6 syllabus competencies: semiconductors, p-n junction diodes, rectification, BJT amplification, operational amplifiers, and digital logic gates.
Electronics Practicals Hub
Official syllabus laboratory investigations: Exp 35 (I-V characteristics of a semiconductor diode), Exp 36 (CE npn transistor transfer characteristics and current gain β), and Exp 37 (identification of logic gates from truth tables).