Gravitational Field
Newton’s universal law of gravitation, gravitational field intensity, gravitational potential, orbital mechanics, Kepler’s laws, geostationary and polar satellites, and escape velocity.
Gravitational Field — Lessons (6)
Universal Gravitation and Field Intensity
Newton’s Law of Universal Gravitation, Cavendish experiment, gravitational field intensity g, variations with altitude h, depth d, and Earth rotation, and neutral points between masses.
Gravitational Potential and Potential Energy
Definition of gravitational potential V, negative potential sign convention, potential energy U = -GMm/r, work done in gravitational field, equipotential surfaces, and potential gradients.
Orbital Mechanics and Satellites
Circular satellite motion, centripetal balance, orbital speed v = √(GM/r), period T = 2π√(r³/GM), Kepler’s Third Law, kinetic energy, potential energy, total mechanical energy, and binding energy.
Geostationary Satellites and Escape Velocity
Characteristics of geostationary orbits (equatorial plane, period 24 h, altitude 35,800 km), polar orbiting satellites, derivation of escape velocity v_e = √(2GM/R) = √(2gR), and molecular atmospheric retention.
Orbital Mechanics & Escape Velocity Simulation Lab
Interactive 60fps canvas simulation: Real-time orbital propagation, LEO/MEO/GEO altitude presets, orbital velocity, period, Kepler’s law verification, escape velocity trajectory, and energy telemetry.
Unit 5 Summative Assessment: Gravitational Field
Comprehensive 16-question exam covering all competencies (5.1–5.4): Universal gravitation, field intensity, potential, orbital mechanics, geostationary satellites, and escape velocity with automated grading.